This is a retrospective study on panoramic radiographs. When testing differences in molar angulation between sites and from pre- to post-treatment condition, no significant difference was detected ( p > 0.05, median − 1.9°, range − 13.5, 6.2).
No patient had a severe bone level height defect (> 3 mm distance from the cementoenamel junction) at any point. In the space closure side, mesially, only two patients had ABL higher that 1 mm. On the contrary, there was statistically higher ABL, at the mesial sites of mesialized versus non-mesialized molars ( p = 0.042 median 0.19 mm range − 0.82, 1.33) though the difference was not clinically relevant. MANCOVA resulted in no difference in ABL between the distal sites of mesialized molars and the control sites. Permutational multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), followed by pairwise comparisons, was performed. Molar angulation according to the occlusal plane was also evaluated. Measurements were corrected for distortion and magnification of radiographs. ABL was measured at mesial and distal sites of first molars in pre- and post-treatment panoramic radiographs. Space closure (approximately 10 mm) was performed using skeletal anchorage. Twenty-five retrospectively selected subjects (median age 14.9, range 12.0, 31.9 years) were analyzed. The contralateral side served as control. To evaluate the risk of vertical alveolar bone loss (ABL) in mesialized mandibular permanent molars due to space closure in patients with unilateral second premolar agenesis.
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